Kronos-small

Model overview

**Kronos** is the **first open-source foundation model** for financial candlesticks (K-lines), trained on data from over **45 global exchanges**. It is designed to handle the unique, high-noise characteristics of financial data. Kronos is a family of decoder-only foundation models, pre-trained specifically for the "language" of financial markets—K-line sequences. It leverages a novel two-stage framework: 1. A specialized tokenizer first quantizes continuous, multi-dimensional K-line data (OHLCV) into **hierarchical discrete tokens**. 2. A large, autoregressive Transformer is then pre-trained on these tokens, enabling it to serve as a unified model for diverse quantitative tasks. The success of large-scale pre-training paradigm, exemplified by Large Language Models (LLMs), has inspired the development of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs). Kronos addresses existing limitations by introducing a specialized tokenizer that discretizes continuous market information into token sequences, preserving both price dynamics and trade activity patterns. We pre-train Kronos using an autoregressive objective on a massive, multi-market corpus of over 12 billion K-line records from 45 global exchanges, enabling it to learn nuanced temporal and cross-asset representations. Kronos excels in a zero-shot setting across a diverse set of financial tasks, including price series forecasting, volatility forecasting, and synthetic data generation.

Key features

特点摘要待依据来源补齐，不凭模型名称推断能力。

Limitations & considerations

Sources are insufficient to establish specific limitations. Verify task performance, latency, data policies, licensing and version lifecycle.

Source prices & cost analysis

Prices vary by channel, region and configuration. Channel quotes are listed independently and are not treated as a single official provider price.

Public benchmarks & run configuration

暂无已采集的可核验公开评分。模型未上榜不代表能力较低。

Frequently asked questions

Sources & traceability

许可证：mit。模型介绍与第三方评测均以原来源的具体版本和方法为准。