Model overview
> 🎯 **TL;DR**: First large-scale fully pre-trained ColBERT model using only public data. Achieves **55.43 nDCG@10** on BEIR benchmark, outperforming GTE-ModernColBERT and GTE-ModernBERT trained on closed and stronger data. **New SOTA on BEIR for models Nomic's base models are pre-trained with asymmetric prompts (`search_query:` and `search_document:`). While ColBERT has its own asymmetric mechanism via `[Q]` and `[D]` markers, we found: - **Stripping pre-training prompts during fine-tuning** causes significant performance degradation. - **Adding prompts to a model not pre-trained with them** also hurts performance. - **Even with perfect alignment**, prompts provide an intrinsic benefit: full ColBERT pre-training with prompts (55.43) vs. without prompts (54.61), no mismatch in either case, shows a meaningful 0.82-point gap. **Why do prompts help?** Our leading hypothesis is that prompt tokens act as **implicit query expansion**: extra slots that don't carry specific meaning but let the model store global information about the sequence. The original ColBERT used `[PAD]` tokens for this purpose, but modern Flash Attention implementations broke this trick (masked tokens no longer produce usable embeddings). Explicit prompt tokens may be quietly re-enabling it.
Key features
特点摘要待依据来源补齐，不凭模型名称推断能力。
Limitations & considerations
Sources are insufficient to establish specific limitations. Verify task performance, latency, data policies, licensing and version lifecycle.
Source prices & cost analysis
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Estimate monthly base token costs
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Public benchmarks & run configuration
暂无已采集的可核验公开评分。模型未上榜不代表能力较低。
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Sources & traceability
许可证：apache-2.0。模型介绍与第三方评测均以原来源的具体版本和方法为准。